1812 Marines

 

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SWORDS:

Officers were to have "yellow-mounted" Sabres, with Gilt scabbards & white cross belts with Gilt plates" according to the 1810 orders. While there is no solid evidence for a particular model, later documented evidence of the Mameluke type saber might indicate a preference by Marine officers, although almost any style was possible. According to the Marine Corps Historical Center, the Mameluke Sword was not used until the 1820's. The regulations were not specific until 1821 when the Mameluke hilt of white ivory and a gold thread was ordered for officers. It is possible that this sanctioned an existing habit.  Marine officers used leather scabbards for swords during the 1812 period while metal scabbards were available. Officers had to purchase their swords as well asthe rest of the uniform. There is documentation of Marine Officers carrying British swords at this time as well.

As for the belt plate, a portrait of Lieutenant William S. Bush shows it as a gilt oval with a silver oval bearing an eagle. This might have varied according to the wealth of the officer.

Sergeants carried a straight sword with a brass guard and a black leather scabbard with brass tip slung on a white shoulder belt. This also had a bayonet frog and a brass belt plate.



MUSKET:

Research indicates the standard arm was the 1795 Springfield, 69cal. flintlock musket. This musket had a button ramrod end. There is no documentation of Marines having musket straps during this period. Muskets were not carried into the tops, they were bundled together and pulled up. There is no indication of waist belts. Marines did not have to wear cross belts in the tops, budge buckets and barrels were provided instead. Marines did not generally go over the rail with Muskets except after the enemy ship was secured. Muskets used for sea service were blackened.


KNAPSACK:

Documentation indicates Marines of the period used knapsacks. Two types were available: the Revolutionary War Style, and the Lherbetter Patent Knapsack, 1808. Research shows this pack was painted black or red with USM in Roman letters in white within a white circle painted on the flap. (We paint ours red). Red was a common color for items to be waterproofed on shipboard. The paint was red lead.


SEABAG:

There is no indication Marines used seabags on ship. The knapsack was used for their belongings. However it is noted that Sergeants had a "box" to store items in.

HAVERSACK:

There is also no documentation for any haversack use by marines of this period or of periods before.

CARTRIDGE BOX:

The 1808 pattern of black leather with white strap.

BAYONET STRAP:

White with white frog attachment and black bayonet scabbard.

CROSS-BELTS:

Cross belts were white buff, and there is no evidence that black belts were used by Marines during the War of 1812. No cross-belt plate of the period has been found to date. Research indicates it was one piece, brass, with eagle upon it. The buckle may have had an anchor also in order to indicate sea
service. However, none has been found. The Lt. Bush cross belt plate is a two piece plate from a period before 1812. Marines had switched to a one-piece plate by 1812.

CANTEENS:

There is only one documentation for canteens for Marine use. This is listed in an order filled for Lt. McKnight for use of Marines on board the ship of war " Delaware: 363, wooden canteens with linen straps, 363 painted knapsacks with straps". This order also indicates Marines were supplied with
blankets out of their uniform allowance and that hammocks come from the Navy as issued to the whole ship's company. Marines' hammock numbers as well as mess numbers were the highest in the ship's company as they were issued hammock and assigned to mess last. The above order was filled at Philadelphia, PA on 7 December 1797. This order and this alone is the only indication of canteens for Marines is the documentation based on for the use of our canteens. They are painted red with Roman white letters USM. The straps are natural linen or cotton and not leather.


ACCOUTERMENTS

Marines marked their equipment in different ways:

Canteen and Knapsacks:

White USM, plus individual's number. 

Marine ship's equipment:

MARINES, USS CONSTITUTION

Marines land equipment that was drawn from garrison:

USM, BOSTON or MARINES, BOSTON. This would be on camp items, field artillery, supply boxes, etc.. Ammo and gun equipment supplies may have had Springfield Armory or Watervielet Arsenal on the supplies.

NOTE: The contemporary painting for reference is the painting of a Marine Lieutenant and Private about 1813 painted by Charles Hamilton Smith which is at the Harry Widner Memorial room, Widner Library, Cambridge, MA. The Marine Corps Historical Center accepts this as a research item in order to base uniforms upon.

Click here to view the Uniform Guide